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From www.direct.gov.uk/en/Parents/ParentsRights/DG_4002945
Child employment Your child may want to work to earn some extra pocket money; here are the rules that apply to children of compulsory school age. Compulsory school ageChildren are of compulsory school age up to the last Friday in June in the academic year of their 16th birthday, after which is the Mandatory School Leaving Age (MSLA) and the child can apply for their National Insurance Number and may work full time.The youngest age your child can work part-time is 13 years old, with the exception of children involved in television, theatre, modelling or similar activities. If a child is offered work in these areas, they will need to get a performance licence. Performance licences are issued by the local authority. Before granting a licence the local authority will liaise with the headteacher of the child's school to ensure that the child's education will not suffer should that licence be granted.
ChaperoningA child taking part in a performance - which can include TV, film, theatre, sporting activities or modelling - will require chaperoning. Chaperones are licensed by the local authority.Children may not work:
Term timeDuring term time children may work a maximum of 12 hours per week, of which:
School holidaysDuring school holidays 13 to 13 YEAR OLDS may work a maximum of 25 hours per week, of which:
National minimum wageThe national minimum wage is £4.77 an hour for 18 to 21 year olds and £5.73 an hour for 22 year olds and over. 16 to 17 year olds (who are older than Mandatory School Leaving Age) receive £3.53 an hour.Apprentices under the age of 19 are not entitled to the National Minimum Wage, and neither are apprentices who are 19 or over during the first 12 months of their apprenticeship. EmployersEmployers must inform the education department of their local council that they have employed a school-aged child. If satisfied with the arrangements, the council will issue the child with an employment permit. A child is not insured without one.Children do not need a work permit for work experience that his/her school arranges. Local by-laws list the jobs that 13 year olds can do. No 13 year old can work in a job that doesn't appear on the list. Local by-laws may place further restrictions on the hours and conditions of work and the nature of employment. For help and advice or to apply for a work permit contact the education department of your local council or education welfare service. From www.adviceguide.org.uk General rules on employment Young people over school leaving age and under 18 are known as young workers. Young people can leave school on the last Friday of June of the school year in which they are 16. There are special laws to protect the employment rights of young workers. These concern your health and safety, what jobs you can do, when you can work, and how many hours you can work. These laws are very strict and an employer can be prosecuted for breaking them. If you are over school-leaving age and an employee, you will have other rights in addition to the rights of young workers which are mentioned below. For example, it is against the law to discriminate against you at work because of your age. Health and safety at work If you are under 18, your employer must do an assessment of possible risks to your health and safety, before they employ you. They must pay particular attention to your age, lack of experience, and other things that could be a risk to your health and safety. If you are under school leaving age, your employer must also tell one of your parents the results of the assessment. This must include any risks identified, and any measures put in place to protect your health and safety at work. You do not have to be given a health and safety assessment if you are doing short term or occasional work in a family business or in a private household, and this is not considered to be harmful to you. What work can you do 16 – 18 year olds Ifyou are over school leaving age and under 18, there are special restrictions on doing certain types of work. These are: work which you are not physically or mentally capable of doing work which brings you into contact with chemical agents, toxic material or radiation work which involves a health risk because of extreme cold, heat or vibration. You are only allowed to do the work above under the following circumstances: where it is necessary for your training, and where an experienced person is supervising you, and where any risk is reduced to the lowest level that is reasonable. These rules do not apply if you are doing short term or occasional work in a family business or in a private household, and this is not considered to be harmful to you. Children and young people under school leaving age (England and Wales only) No one under school leaving age can be employed in work other than light work. You are not allowed to do work which is likely to be harmful to your safety, health, development, or work that will affect your attendance at school or participation in work experience. You are not allowed to work:- in a factory or in construction work in transport in a mine on a registered merchant ship. The local authority where you live may also have some extra rules, called by-laws, about the employment of children and young people in your area. You should check with your local authority if you want to find out what these are. By-laws authorising children and young people to work in street trading must say which days, which hours, and the places where, they may work. Employers who want to employ children or young people under school leaving age are required to get a permit from their local authority. The permit must be signed by both the employer and one of your parents. There are some extra rules about the employment of children under 14. If you are under 14, you are not allowed to work at all except in the following types of work:- to take part in sport, advertising, modelling, plays, films, television or other entertainment. The employer must apply for a licence from the local authority to do odd jobs for a parent, relative or neighbour to do babysitting – However, children of 13 or above may be able to do some other types of work, depending on the by-laws of the local authority in their area. For example, the by-laws may say that children of 13 and above in your area can do a paper-round, or that you can do light work which is not likely to be harmful to your health, safety or development. Hours of work and rest breaks 16 – 18 year olds If you are over school leaving age and under 18, the law says that you must not work more than eight hours a day, or more than 40 hours a week. You must have twelve hours rest between each working day, and two rest days per working week. You are also entitled to a 30-minute rest break when you work for longer than four and a half hours. There are some exceptions to this (see below). There are special limits on the hours you can work at night. You cannot usually work between 10pm and 6am. If you are contracted to work after 10pm, you must stop work at 11pm and not start again before 7am. There are some exceptions for young people who work in hospitals, agriculture, retail, hotels and catering, bakeries, post/newspaper deliveries, or in connection with cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities. You are not allowed to work between midnight and 4am, except in the most exceptional circumstances. The rules about working at night do not apply when:- your employer needs you to work to maintain continuity of service or production, or to respond to a sudden rush in demand; and doing the work would not affect your education or training; and no adult is available to do the work; and you are supervised by an adult (if this is necessary for your protection) and you are allowed a period of rest as compensation. If you are allowed to work at night, you must first be given a free assessment of your health and ability to do the work. The assessment should be repeated at regular intervals. You must not work more than eight hours in a 24 hour period. Children and young people under school leaving age (England and Wales only) Thereare strict limits to the hours children and young people under school leaving age areallowed to work. You must not work:- during school hours on any school day for more than two hours on any school day or for more than 12 hours in any week in which you are required to go to school for more than two hours on a Sunday for more than eight hours (five hours if you are under 15) on any day which is not a school day or a Sunday before 7am or after 7pm for more than 35 hours (25 if you are under the age of 15) in any week in which you are not required to go to school for more than four hours in any day without a break of one hour at any time, if during the 12 months beginning 1 January, working means that you have not had two uninterrupted weeks of holiday from school. Employment of children under school leaving age (Northern Ireland) If you are under compulsory school leaving age you can only be employed in certain permitted occupations: delivering newspapers, milk, groceries, foodstuffs, flowers or drapery goods office work, except in premises licensed for the sale of intoxicating liquor, betting or gaming hotel and catering work except in the kitchen or portions of premises licensed for the sale of intoxicating liquor work as a shop assistant, excluding any premises licensed for the sale of intoxicating liquor, betting or gaming domestic work light agricultural work or horticultural work for your parents. No-one under the minimum school leaving age can be employed in work other than light work, that is, in work which is likely to be harmful to your safety, health, development or work that will affect attendance at school or participation in work experience. If you are under 14 you must not work:- for longer than one hour before school and the work period must end at least half an hour before school starts for more than two hours on a Sunday between 1 July and 31 August without two weeks continuous holiday without written parental consent to the your employment without suitable protective clothing and footwear if you are to work outside. In addition, if you are under the age of 15 you must:- not work for more than five hours on a Saturday or non-school day not work for more than 27 hours in a week have a rest period of three consecutive hours during each twelve hour period be allowed one hour for meals and rest after four hours continuous work on a Saturday, after three hours continuous work on any other day. If you are aged 15 but not yet over school leaving age you must:- not work for more than seven hours on a Saturday or non-school day not work for more than 37 hours in a week be allowed one hour for meals and rest after four hours continuous work. If you are aged 13 years and over, but under school leaving age you may not be employed: before the end of school hours on any day you have to go to school for more than two hours on any day you have to go to school before 7.00am or after 7.00pm on any day for more than two hours on a Sunday in street trading. Paid holidays from work If you are under school leaving age you are not legally entitled to paid holiday from work. If you are over school leaving age, you are legally entitled to paid holiday, in the same way as other workers. If you work full-time, you are entitled to at least 24 days in each leave year. If you work part-time, you will be entitled to a pro-rata amount, depending on how many days you work a week. Pay If you are 16 or over (and above school leaving age) you are entitled to earn a minimum wage. This is called the National Minimum Wage, which for workers aged under 18 is £3.53 an hour. If you are under 16, you are not entitled to the National Minimum Wage. Time off for study or training If you are an employee aged 16 or 17 and have not yet achieved a certain standard of education or training, you are entitled to reasonable time off work for study or training. The time off should be paid at your normal hourly rate. Working in a bar If you are 16 or 17, the person who holds the licence (licensee) must not employ you in a bar at a time when it is open for the sale or consumption of alcohol, unless the work you do is part of an approved training scheme. If the licensee does employ you in these circumstances, it is the licensee, not you, who will be committing an offence. Working for the armed forces If you are under 18, you will usually need permission from both parents to join the armed forces. If your parents are separated or divorced, only the permission of the parent with whom you live is needed. The armed forces have their own minimum age restrictions that reflect current recruitment needs. Details are available from your local armed forces careers offices. Babysitting In England and Wales, you can babysit at any age, whether you are paid or not. In Northern Ireland, you must be at least thirteen. You are allowed to look after a child of any age. However, if the child you are babysitting is thought to be at risk because it is not being looked after properly, the child's parents could be prosecuted, or action could be taken to put their child into care. If you are over the age of 16, you can be charged with a criminal offence if you deliberately assault, ill-treat or abandon a child in your care. Trade unions Most trade unions allow young people to join at the age of 16, but some accept younger members. Training schemes Further information for young people You can find more information about employment rights on the website, TheSite.org which is specifically aimed at young adults. Topics include work-life balance, bullying at work, work-related stress and surviving the sack. Go to:www.thesite.org. ############################################################################# Children in Part-time Jobs Many children work part-time. It can be a helpful source of extra money and good preparation for the future. But many jobs are illegal without a licence from the Education Authority. This guide explains the law and how parents, employers and the LEA can work together to make sure children are safe at work. Jobs that don't need a licence Not all work is covered by the law on part-time jobs children doing odd jobs around the house or for neighbours babysitting and other work for individuals or families work experience organised by your child's school These do not need a licence. Parents are advised to keep an eye onwhat children and young people are doing. Late nights babysitting can affect school work the next day. There is no legal minimum age to be a babysitter but parents should be cautious about allowing children under 16 to do it. Jobs that must have a licence Any employment of a school aged child(up to the END of year 11) in a "trade or occupation carried on for profit" is illegal without a licence. This includes parents employing their own children in their business, even if they are not paid, for example: paper rounds shop work cleaning work on farms clerical/office work leaflet delivery waiting at table Some work cannot be licensed at all and cannot be legally done by school-age children, including any work in factories, on building sites, transport, serving alcohol, milk delveries, sorting refuse or working with food in commercial kitchens (including chip shops and take-aways). This is not the complete list. The basic rules Under national laws and Staffordshire County Council by-laws, licences can only be issued within strictly defined limits: All work must be "light duties" only. Children must be at least 13 to be employed 13 year olds can only do a job on a specified list No child under school leaving age can work before 7am or after 7pm on any day (including school holidays) No child can be employed for more than 2 hours on a school day and certainly not during school hours No child can be employed for more than 12 hours in a school week (including the weekend) Sunday employment is restricted to 2 hours only between 7am and 7pm On Saturdays and in school holidays 13/13 YEAR OLDS can work a maximum 5 hours per day; 15/16 year olds can work up to 8 hours (with a one hour break after no more than four hours) Work falling outside these restrictions is illegal and cannot be licensed. To apply for a licence The employer must complete an application form, available from the Education Welfare Service within one week of the child commencing work. Temporary permission for the child to start work will usually be given if the legal requirements are met. The form needs the signature of a parent as well as the employer, so your child cannot have a legal job without your knowledge or consent. These rules are intended to protect children from exploitation, ensure that their education does not suffer and keep them safe. It may seem safe, but if the work isn't licensed, it's illegal. What should you do if your child wants to work Satisfy yourself the job is safe for your child - a paper round on dark mornings or nights may not be suitable Satisfy yourself the employer is reputable and the job is legal Ensure the employer applies for a licence and obtains your signature If you are the employer as well as the parent, make sure you get a licence if required Raise any concerns you may have either with the employer or the Education Welfare Service Make sure your child has a licence to work until they are old enough to leave school - in most cases this will be after they become 16! Children in Entertainments Children also need a licence to appear in any professional show, film, TV programme etc (though not for amateur productions). Time off from school for rehearsals and performances cannot be granted unless a licence has been obtained from the Education Authority by the person responsible for the performance. School Leaving Age From 1998 onwards all children in Year 11 reach school-leaving age on the same date, no matter when they are 16. This is the last Friday in June. Even if your child is 16 at the very beginning of the school year, he/she cannot leave school until this date. No child can leave school at Christmas or Easter. The arrival of a National Insurance Number does not mean they can get a job straight away. Any full-time employment before the leaving date would be an offence by the employer and all part-time employment till then must be licensed by the LEA. The government intends that all children should have the opportunity to take GCSE examinations in May/June so no-one can cease to be of compulsory school age before the exams have finished. Most young people stay on at school or college after Year 11. Your child does not have to leave unless they want to. From then on, no employment licence is needed and the child employment regulations no longer apply, even if they stay on at school. Parents should, however, try to ensure that their children can cope with both studies and a part-time job. From www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk Teenagers working Part Time in England How old do children have to be before they can work in England? Children are not legally allowed to work until they are 13. What times can children work? Children can only work after 7 a.m. and before 7p.m. On a school day they can only work for up to 2 hours. How many hours can a teenager (13 and 13 YEAR OLDS) work? School Days Not more than 2 hours in one day during the following periods: Morning: 7am to start of school or Evening: close of school to 7pm Saturdays Up to 5 hours between 7am and 7pm Sundays Up to 2 hours between 7am and 11am Term Time (Including weekends) Up to a maximum of 12 hours a week (Including weekends) School Holidays (Including weekends) Up to a maximum of 25 hours week. 5 hours a day, between 7am - 7pm on any day except Sunday. On Sundays, 2 hours between 7am - 7pm 15 and 16 year olds may work for up to 8 hours on Saturdays and up to a maximum of 35 hours during school holidays. The kind of jobs teenagers can do Delivering newspapers Many teenagers will get up early to deliver newspapers to houses in their local area before going to school. They are known as Paperboys or Papergirls. Babysitting Looking after young chidren in their home whilst their parents have gone out for the evening is a popular job for teenagers, as they get paid for watching children and television all at the same time! Helping the Milkman on his round From the age of 14 some teenagers help the milkman deliver milk to houses. Other popular jobs include: Agricultural or horticultural work. Working in a shop. Working in a hairdressers. Office work. Washing cars (not in a garage). In a café or restaurant. Working in a riding stables. Domestic work in hotels. What do teenagers need to start working? They need to have a work permit. An application form for the work permit can be obtained from school or local Education Welfare Office. How much money do teenagers get paid for working? It depends on the kind of work but could be anything up to £3 per hour. The National Minimum Wage does not apply to workers under 16, and there is no protection in English law regarding wage rates for those under the age of eighteen. http://www.eveningnews24.co.uk/cs/forums/9/465166/ShowPost.aspx You can work in Tesco when you're 15, or a dog kennels. Start your own business for youngsters www.connexions-direct.com Teenage bosses tell all www.need2know.co.uk/work/self_employment/article.html/id=612 Get a holiday job http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/YoungPeople/Workandcareers/Gettingyourfirstjob/DG_066152 Employment rights for young people www.direct.gov.uk/en/YoungPeople/Workandcareers/Yourrightsandresponsibilitiesatwork/DG_066272 |